Python趣味挑战之pygame实现无敌好看的百叶窗动态效果(百叶窗窗口)

一、案例知识点概述

（一）使用到的python库

使用pygame库、random库和os、sys等系统库。

其中：
pygame库实现主体功能，提供窗口界面显示、动态效果展示等
random库实现随机数的生成，通过随机数实现动态百叶窗的上下左右选择、百叶窗的数量选择等功能。 os库实现图片资源的装载和读取。
sys库实现退出操作等。

（二）整体实现逻辑

通过WIDTH = 600 和 HEIGHT = 600设置窗口的高度和宽度
通过runimage 和 nextimage 设置当前显示的图像和下一张要显示的图像
通过num_part = random.randint(3,8)来设置要显示的百叶窗的数量
通过num_list = []保存当前runimage拆分出来的百叶窗的surface资源，用于在百叶窗动态效果过程中显示。
通过choose来设置是上下运动还是左右运动。

二、准备工作

（一）实现pygame的主窗口

import pygame,sys
pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((500, 500))
pygame.display.set_caption('大小框展示')
fcclock = pygame.time.Clock()
while True:
 for event in pygame.event.get():
  if event.type == pygame.QUIT or event.type == pygame.K_F1:
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
 fcclock.tick(60)
 pygame.display.flip()  # 刷新窗口

黑黑的框，不截图了。大家都懂。

（二）贴个图显示得好看点

import pygame,sys
pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((500, 500))
pygame.display.set_caption('大小框展示')
fcclock = pygame.time.Clock()
img = pygame.image.load('./image/aerial-alpine-ceresole-reale-desktop-backgrounds-1562.jpg').convert_alpha()
img = pygame.transform.scale(img, (500, 500))
while True:
 for event in pygame.event.get():
  if event.type == pygame.QUIT or event.type == pygame.K_F1:
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
 screen.blit(img,(0,0))
 fcclock.tick(60)
 pygame.display.flip()  # 刷新窗口

（三）图片从哪里来

这里建议直接通过网络上下载免费的、好看的图片，并保存在指定的文件夹，用于过程中展现。

我认为有三种方法：

其一：使用爬虫技术从网上下载图片，可以开一个子线程负责采集网上图片，然后加载到list列表中；
其二：可以直接对电脑中所有的盘进行自动检索，然后加载到list列表中；其三：指定目录，然后加载到list列表中；
我这里偷个懒，选择第三种方法实现。

具体实现代码如下：

  path = './image/'
 files = []
 dirs = os.listdir(path)
 for diretion in dirs:
  files.append(path + diretion)

（四）图片装载

我为什么在初始化的时候就进行装载呢？

原因是：解决效率问题，无需每次使用时重复加载，而且在初始化的时候就适配屏幕大小进行图片缩放。

因此，我把这个过程打包成一个函数，方便后续调用，而且参数传递为：屏幕的大小。然后返回bglist对象。

for file in files:
 picture = pygame.transform.scale(pygame.image.load(file), (1440, 900))
 dSurface = picture
 # dSurface = pygame.image.load(file).convert()
 bglist.append(dSurface)

OK，图片有了，窗口有了，那么就开始实现我们的业务逻辑吧。

三、核心功能模块

（一）实现init_image函数初始化加载图片到surface对象

def init_image():
 path = './image/'
 files = []
 dirs = os.listdir(path)
 for diretion in dirs:
  files.append(path + diretion)
 for file in files:
  picture = pygame.transform.scale(pygame.image.load(file), (WIDTH, HEIGHT))
  dSurface = picture
  # dSurface = pygame.image.load(file).convert()
  bglist.append(dSurface)

（二）初始化相关变量

runimage = None
nextimage = None
flag = False# FALSE没有切屏 TRUE 切屏
flag2 = False
choose = 6
num_part = random.randint(3,8)  # 记录分成多少块矩形框
num_list = []
num_increse = 1
inc = random.choice([-1,1])
while num_increse<=num_part:
 inc = -inc
 num_list.append(inc)
 num_increse += 1

这里，建议大家思考一下为什么要引入变量flag和flag2

（三）每次百叶窗切换完之后重置

def reset():
 global flag,runimage,nextimage,flag2,i,j,choose,num_part,num_list
 flag = False  # FALSE没有切屏 TRUE 切屏
 flag2 = False
 choose = random.randint(6,7)
 if nextimage is None:
  nextimage = random.choice(bglist)
 if runimage is None:
  runimage = random.choice(bglist)
 else:
  runimage = nextimage
  nextimage = random.choice(bglist)
 num_part = random.randint(3,8)  # 记录分成多少块矩形框
 num_list = []
 num_increse = 1
 inc = random.choice([-1,1])
 while num_increse <= num_part:
  inc = -inc
  num_list.append(inc)
  num_increse += 1

（四）实现百叶窗动态切换的run函数

def run():
 global flag,runimage,flag2,nextimage,i,j,choose,num_part,num_list
 reset()
 while True:
  for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT or event.type == pygame.K_F1:
 pygame.quit()
 sys.exit()
if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
 if event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE:
  pygame.quit()
  sys.exit()
 if event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
  if flag is False:# FALSE没有切屏 TRUE 切屏flag = Trueflag2 = False
  screen.fill((255, 255, 255))  # 设置背景为白色
  if flag:
if choose==6:
 select_rect = []
 kk = 0
 while kk < num_part:
  tmp_rect = pygame.Rect(kk * WIDTH/num_part,0,WIDTH/num_part,HEIGHT)
  select_rect.append(runimage.subsurface(tmp_rect).copy())
  kk += 1
 screen.blit(nextimage, (0, 0))
 mm = 0
 for each in zip(select_rect,num_list):
  if each[1]==1:screen.blit(each[0], (i+mm*WIDTH/num_part, -j))
  else:screen.blit(each[0], (i+mm*WIDTH/num_part, j))
  mm += 1
 j += step
 if j >= HEIGHT:
  flag2 = True
elif choose==7:
 select_rect = []
 kk = 0
 while kk < num_part:
  tmp_rect = pygame.Rect(0,kk * HEIGHT/num_part,WIDTH,HEIGHT/num_part)
  select_rect.append(runimage.subsurface(tmp_rect).copy())
  kk += 1
 screen.blit(nextimage, (0, 0))
 mm = 0
 for each in zip(select_rect,num_list):
  if each[1]==1:screen.blit(each[0], (-i, j+mm*HEIGHT/num_part))
  else:screen.blit(each[0], (i, j+mm*HEIGHT/num_part))
  mm += 1
 i += step
 if i >= WIDTH:
  flag2 = True
  else:
screen.blit(nextimage, (0, 0))
screen.blit(runimage, (0, 0))
  if flag2:
reset()
  fcclock.tick(fps)
  pygame.display.flip()  # 刷新窗口

（五）主函数

if __name__ == '__main__':
 init_image()
 run()

四、完整代码

import sys, pygame
import os
import random
pygame.init()  # 初始化pygame类
WIDTH = 600
HEIGHT = 600
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((WIDTH, HEIGHT))  # 设置窗口大小
pygame.display.set_caption('美丽的屏保')  # 设置窗口标题
tick = pygame.time.Clock()
fps = 60  # 设置刷新率，数字越大刷新率越高
fcclock = pygame.time.Clock()
runimage = None
nextimage = None
flag = False# FALSE没有切屏 TRUE 切屏
flag2 = False
choose = 6
num_part = random.randint(3,8)  # 记录分成多少块矩形框
num_list = []
num_increse = 1
inc = random.choice([-1,1])
while num_increse<=num_part:
 inc = -inc
 num_list.append(inc)
 num_increse += 1
def init_image():
 path = './image/'
 files = []
 dirs = os.listdir(path)
 for diretion in dirs:
  files.append(path + diretion)
 for file in files:
  picture = pygame.transform.scale(pygame.image.load(file), (WIDTH, HEIGHT))
  dSurface = picture
  bglist.append(dSurface)
def reset():
 global flag,runimage,nextimage,flag2,i,j,choose,num_part,num_list
 flag = False  # FALSE没有切屏 TRUE 切屏
 flag2 = False
 i = 0
 j = 0
 choose = random.randint(6,7)
 if nextimage is None:
  nextimage = random.choice(bglist)
 if runimage is None:
  runimage = random.choice(bglist)
 else:
  runimage = nextimage
  nextimage = random.choice(bglist)
 num_part = random.randint(3,8)  # 记录分成多少块矩形框
 num_list = []
 num_increse = 1
 inc = random.choice([-1,1])
 while num_increse <= num_part:
  inc = -inc
  num_list.append(inc)
  num_increse += 1

def run():
 global flag,runimage,flag2,nextimage,i,j,choose,num_part,num_list
 reset()
 while True:
  for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT or event.type == pygame.K_F1:
 pygame.quit()
 sys.exit()
if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
 if event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE:
  pygame.quit()
  sys.exit()
 if event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
  if flag is False:# FALSE没有切屏 TRUE 切屏flag = Trueflag2 = False
  screen.fill((255, 255, 255))  # 设置背景为白色
  if flag:
if choose==6:
 select_rect = []
 kk = 0
 while kk < num_part:
  tmp_rect = pygame.Rect(kk * WIDTH/num_part,0,WIDTH/num_part,HEIGHT)
  select_rect.append(runimage.subsurface(tmp_rect).copy())
  kk += 1
 screen.blit(nextimage, (0, 0))
 mm = 0
 for each in zip(select_rect,num_list):
  if each[1]==1:screen.blit(each[0], (i+mm*WIDTH/num_part, -j))
  else:screen.blit(each[0], (i+mm*WIDTH/num_part, j))
  mm += 1
 j += step
 if j >= HEIGHT:
  flag2 = True
elif choose==7:
 select_rect = []
 kk = 0
 while kk < num_part:
  tmp_rect = pygame.Rect(0,kk * HEIGHT/num_part,WIDTH,HEIGHT/num_part)
  select_rect.append(runimage.subsurface(tmp_rect).copy())
  kk += 1
 screen.blit(nextimage, (0, 0))
 mm = 0
 for each in zip(select_rect,num_list):
  if each[1]==1:screen.blit(each[0], (-i, j+mm*HEIGHT/num_part))
  else:screen.blit(each[0], (i, j+mm*HEIGHT/num_part))
  mm += 1
 i += step
 if i >= WIDTH:
  flag2 = True
  else:
screen.blit(nextimage, (0, 0))
screen.blit(runimage, (0, 0))
  if flag2:
reset()
  fcclock.tick(fps)
  pygame.display.flip()  # 刷新窗口
if __name__ == '__main__':
 init_image()
 run()