教你如何使用Python Tkinter库制作记事本(记事本添加)

Tkinter库制作记事本

现在为了创建这个记事本，你的系统中应该已经安装了 Python 3 和 Tkinter。您可以根据系统要求下载合适的python 包。成功安装 python 后，您需要安装 Tkinter（一个 Python 的 GUI 包）。

使用此命令安装 Tkinter ：

pip install python-tk

导入 Tkinter ：

import tkinter
import os
from tkinter import *
from tkinter.messagebox import *
from tkinter.filedialog import *

注意：messagebox用于在称为记事本的白框中写入消息，filedialog用于在您从系统中的任何位置打开文件或将文件保存在特定位置或位置时出现的对话框。

添加菜单：

# Add controls(widget) 
  
self.__thisTextArea.grid(sticky = N + E + S + W) 
  
# To open new file 
self.__thisFileMenu.add_command(label = "New", 
 command = self.__newFile) 
  
# To open a already existing file 
self.__thisFileMenu.add_command(label = "Open", 
 command = self.__openFile) 
  
# To save current file 
self.__thisFileMenu.add_command(label = "Save", 
 command = self.__saveFile) 
  
# To create a line in the dialog 
self.__thisFileMenu.add_separator() 
  
# To terminate 
self.__thisFileMenu.add_command(label = "Exit", 
 command = self.__quitApplication) 
self.__thisMenuBar.add_cascade(label = "File", 
menu = self.__thisFileMenu) 
  
# To give a feature of cut 
self.__thisEditMenu.add_command(label = "Cut", 
 command = self.__cut) 
  
# To give a feature of copy 
self.__thisEditMenu.add_command(label = "Copy", 
 command = self.__copy) 
  
# To give a feature of paste 
self.__thisEditMenu.add_command(label = "Paste", 
 command = self.__paste) 
  
# To give a feature of editing 
self.__thisMenuBar.add_cascade(label = "Edit", 
menu = self.__thisEditMenu) 
  
# To create a feature of description of the notepad 
self.__thisHelpMenu.add_command(label = "About Notepad", 
 command = self.__showAbout) 
self.__thisMenuBar.add_cascade(label = "Help", 
menu = self.__thisHelpMenu) 
  
self.__root.config(menu = self.__thisMenuBar) 
  
self.__thisScrollBar.pack(side = RIGHT, fill = Y) 
  
# Scrollbar will adjust automatically 
# according to the content 
self.__thisScrollBar.config(command = self.__thisTextArea.yview) 
self.__thisTextArea.config(yscrollcommand = self.__thisScrollBar.set)

使用此代码，我们将在记事本的窗口中添加菜单，并向其中添加复制、粘贴、保存等内容。

添加功能：

def __quitApplication(self): 
 self.__root.destroy() 
 # exit() 
  
def __showAbout(self): 
 showinfo("Notepad", "Mrinal Verma") 
  
def __openFile(self): 
 
 self.__file = askopenfilename(defaultextension=".txt", 
filetypes=[("All Files","*.*"), 
 ("Text Documents","*.txt")]) 
  
 if self.__file == "": 
  
  # no file to open 
  self.__file = None
 else: 
  # try to open the file 
  # set the window title 
  self.__root.title(os.path.basename(self.__file) + " - Notepad") 
  self.__thisTextArea.delete(1.0,END) 
  
  file = open(self.__file,"r") 
  
  self.__thisTextArea.insert(1.0,file.read()) 
  
  file.close() 
  
 
def __newFile(self): 
 self.__root.title("Untitled - Notepad") 
 self.__file = None
 self.__thisTextArea.delete(1.0,END) 
  
def __saveFile(self): 
  
 if self.__file == None: 
  #save as new file 
  self.__file = asksaveasfilename(initialfile='Untitled.txt', 
defaultextension=".txt", 
filetypes=[("All Files","*.*"), 
 ("Text Documents","*.txt")]) 
  
  if self.__file == "": 
self.__file = None
  else: 
  
# try to save the file 
file = open(self.__file,"w") 
file.write(self.__thisTextArea.get(1.0,END)) 
file.close() 
# change the window title 
self.__root.title(os.path.basename(self.__file) + " - Notepad") 

  
 else: 
  file = open(self.__file,"w") 
  file.write(self.__thisTextArea.get(1.0,END)) 
  file.close() 
  
def __cut(self): 
 self.__thisTextArea.event_generate("<<Cut>>") 
  
def __copy(self): 
 self.__thisTextArea.event_generate("<<Copy>>") 
  
def __paste(self): 
 self.__thisTextArea.event_generate("<<Paste>>")

在这里，我们添加了记事本中所需的所有功能，您也可以添加其他功能，例如字体大小、字体颜色、粗体、下划线等。

合并后的主要代码：

import tkinter
import os
from tkinter import *
from tkinter.messagebox import *
from tkinter.filedialog import *
 
 
class Notepad:
 __root = Tk()
 
 # default window width and height
 __thisWidth = 300
 __thisHeight = 300
 __thisTextArea = Text(__root)
 __thisMenuBar = Menu(__root)
 __thisFileMenu = Menu(__thisMenuBar, tearoff=0)
 __thisEditMenu = Menu(__thisMenuBar, tearoff=0)
 __thisHelpMenu = Menu(__thisMenuBar, tearoff=0)
 
 # To add scrollbar
 __thisScrollBar = Scrollbar(__thisTextArea)
 __file = None
 
 def __init__(self, **kwargs):
 
  # Set icon
  try:
self.__root.wm_iconbitmap("Notepad.ico")
  except:
pass
 
  # Set window size (the default is 300x300)
 
  try:
self.__thisWidth = kwargs['width']
  except KeyError:
pass
 
  try:
self.__thisHeight = kwargs['height']
  except KeyError:
pass
 
  # Set the window text
  self.__root.title("Untitled - Notepad")
 
  # Center the window
  screenWidth = self.__root.winfo_screenwidth()
  screenHeight = self.__root.winfo_screenheight()
 
  # For left-alling
  left = (screenWidth / 2) - (self.__thisWidth / 2)
 
  # For right-allign
  top = (screenHeight / 2) - (self.__thisHeight / 2)
 
  # For top and bottom
  self.__root.geometry('%dx%d+%d+%d' % (self.__thisWidth,
self.__thisHeight,
left, top))
 
  # To make the textarea auto resizable
  self.__root.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
  self.__root.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
 
  # Add controls (widget)
  self.__thisTextArea.grid(sticky=N + E + S + W)
 
  # To open new file
  self.__thisFileMenu.add_command(label="New",
command=self.__newFile)
 
  # To open a already existing file
  self.__thisFileMenu.add_command(label="Open",
command=self.__openFile)
 
  # To save current file
  self.__thisFileMenu.add_command(label="Save",
command=self.__saveFile)
 
  # To create a line in the dialog
  self.__thisFileMenu.add_separator()
  self.__thisFileMenu.add_command(label="Exit",
command=self.__quitApplication)
  self.__thisMenuBar.add_cascade(label="File",
  menu=self.__thisFileMenu)
 
  # To give a feature of cut
  self.__thisEditMenu.add_command(label="Cut",
command=self.__cut)
 
  # to give a feature of copy
  self.__thisEditMenu.add_command(label="Copy",
command=self.__copy)
 
  # To give a feature of paste
  self.__thisEditMenu.add_command(label="Paste",
command=self.__paste)
 
  # To give a feature of editing
  self.__thisMenuBar.add_cascade(label="Edit",
  menu=self.__thisEditMenu)
 
  # To create a feature of description of the notepad
  self.__thisHelpMenu.add_command(label="About Notepad",
command=self.__showAbout)
  self.__thisMenuBar.add_cascade(label="Help",
  menu=self.__thisHelpMenu)
 
  self.__root.config(menu=self.__thisMenuBar)
 
  self.__thisScrollBar.pack(side=RIGHT, fill=Y)
 
  # Scrollbar will adjust automatically according to the content
  self.__thisScrollBar.config(command=self.__thisTextArea.yview)
  self.__thisTextArea.config(yscrollcommand=self.__thisScrollBar.set)
 
 def __quitApplication(self):
  self.__root.destroy()
  # exit()
 
 def __showAbout(self):
  showinfo("Notepad", "Mrinal Verma")
 
 def __openFile(self):
 
  self.__file = askopenfilename(defaultextension=".txt",
 filetypes=[("All Files", "*.*"),
("Text Documents", "*.txt")])
 
  if self.__file == "":
 
# no file to open
self.__file = None
  else:
 
# Try to open the file
# set the window title
self.__root.title(os.path.basename(self.__file) + " - Notepad")
self.__thisTextArea.delete(1.0, END)
 
file = open(self.__file, "r")
 
self.__thisTextArea.insert(1.0, file.read())
 
file.close()
 
 def __newFile(self):
  self.__root.title("Untitled - Notepad")
  self.__file = None
  self.__thisTextArea.delete(1.0, END)
 
 def __saveFile(self):
 
  if self.__file == None:
# Save as new file
self.__file = asksaveasfilename(initialfile='Untitled.txt',
 defaultextension=".txt",
 filetypes=[("All Files", "*.*"),("Text Documents", "*.txt")])
 
if self.__file == "":
 self.__file = None
else:
 
 # Try to save the file
 file = open(self.__file, "w")
 file.write(self.__thisTextArea.get(1.0, END))
 file.close()
 
 # Change the window title
 self.__root.title(os.path.basename(self.__file) + " - Notepad")
 
 
  else:
file = open(self.__file, "w")
file.write(self.__thisTextArea.get(1.0, END))
file.close()
 
 def __cut(self):
  self.__thisTextArea.event_generate("<<Cut>>")
 
 def __copy(self):
  self.__thisTextArea.event_generate("<<Copy>>")
 
 def __paste(self):
  self.__thisTextArea.event_generate("<<Paste>>")
 
 def run(self):
 
  # Run main application
  self.__root.mainloop()
 
 # Run main application
 
 
notepad = Notepad(width=600, height=400)
notepad.run()

要运行此代码，请使用扩展名.py保存它，然后打开 cmd（命令提示符）并移动到保存文件的位置，然后编写以下内容