Pytest+request+Allure实现接口自动化框架(接口自动化)

：

接口自动化是指模拟程序接口层面的自动化，由于接口不易变更，维护成本更小，所以深受各大公司的喜爱。
接口自动化包含2个部分，功能性的接口自动化测试和并发接口自动化测试。
本次文章着重介绍第一种，功能性的接口自动化框架。

一、简单介绍

环境：Mac、Python 3，Pytest，Allure，Request

pytest==3.6.0
pytest-allure-adaptor==1.7.10(弃用)
pytest-rerunfailures==5.0
configparser==3.5.0
PyYAML==3.12
requests==2.18.4
simplejson==3.16.0
----------------------------------------
2020-4-30更新
pytest==5.3.1
allure-pytest==2.8.6
allure-python-commons==2.8.6
⚠️注：pytest-allure-adaptor已弃用，改为allure-pytest；
安装allure-pytest时，需将pytest-allure-adaptor卸载

流程：读取Yaml测试数据-生成测试用例-执行测试用例-生成Allure报告
模块类的设计说明:

Request.py 封装request方法，可以支持多协议扩展（get\post\put）
Config.py读取配置文件，包括：不同环境的配置，email相关配置
Log.py 封装记录log方法，分为：debug、info、warning、error、critical
Email.py 封装smtplib方法，运行结果发送邮件通知
Assert.py 封装assert方法
run.py 核心代码。定义并执行用例集，生成报告

Yaml测试数据格式如下：

---
Basic:
  dec: "基础设置"
  parameters:
 -
url: /settings/basic.json
data: slug=da1677475c27
header: {
  "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko)\
Chrome/67.0.3396.99 Safari/537.36",
  "Content-Type": "keep-alive"
  }

二、代码结构与框架流程

1、代码结构见下图：

代码结构.jpg

2、框架流程见下图：

框架流程.jpg

三、详细功能和使用说明

1、定义配置文件config.ini

该文件中区分测试环境[private_debug]和正式环境[online_release]分别定义相关配置项，[mail]部分为邮件相关配置项

# http接口测试框架配置信息
 
[private_debug]
# debug测试服务
tester = your name
environment = debug
versionCode = your version
host = www.jianshu.com
loginHost = /Login
loginInfo = email=wang@user.com&password=123456
 
[online_release]
# release正式服务
tester = your name
environment = release
versionCode = v1.0
host = www.jianshu.com
loginHost = /Login
loginInfo = email=wang@user.com&password=123456
 
[mail]
#发送邮件信息
smtpserver = smtp.163.com
sender = test1@163.com
receiver = wang@user.com
username = wang@user.com
password = 123456

2、读取yaml测试数据后封装

yaml测试数据例子见第一节，一条接口可定义多条case数据，get_parameter为已封装好的读取yaml数据方法，循环读取后将多条case数据存在list中。

class Basic:
 params = get_parameter('Basic')
 url = []
 data = []
 header = []
 for i in range(0, len(params)):
  url.append(params[i]['url'])
  data.append(params[i]['data'])
  header.append(params[i]['header'])

3、编写用例

class TestBasic:
 @allure.feature('Home')
 @allure.severity('blocker')
 @allure.story('Basic')
 def test_basic_01(self, action):
  """
用例描述：未登陆状态下查看基础设置
  """
  conf = Config()
  data = Basic()
  test = Assert.Assertions()
  request = Request.Request(action)
 
  host = conf.host_debug
  req_url = 'http://' + host
  urls = data.url
  params = data.data
  headers = data.header
 
  api_url = req_url + urls[0]
  response = request.get_request(api_url, params[0], headers[0])
 
  assert test.assert_code(response['code'], 401)
  assert test.assert_body(response['body'], 'error', u'继续操作前请注册或者登录.')
  assert test.assert_time(response['time_consuming'], 400)
  Consts.RESULT_LIST.append('True')

4、运行整个框架run.py

if __name__ == '__main__':
 # 定义测试集
 args = ['-s', '-q', '--alluredir', xml_report_path]
 self_args = sys.argv[1:]
 pytest.main(args)
 cmd = 'allure generate %s -o %s' % (xml_report_path, html_report_path)
 
 try:
  shell.invoke(cmd)
 except:
  log.error('执行用例失败，请检查环境配置')
  raise
 
 try:
  mail = Email.SendMail()
  mail.sendMail()
 except:
  log.error('发送邮件失败，请检查邮件配置')
  raise

5、err.log实例

[ERROR 2018-08-24 09:55:37]Response body != expected_msg, expected_msg is {"error":"继续操作前请注册或者登录9."}, body is {"error":"继续操作前请注册或者登录."}
[ERROR 2018-08-24 10:00:11]Response time > expected_time, expected_time is 400, time is 482.745
[ERROR 2018-08-25 21:49:41]statusCode error, expected_code is 208, statusCode is 200

6、Assert部分代码

 def assert_body(self, body, body_msg, expected_msg):
  """
  验证response body中任意属性的值
  :param body:
  :param body_msg:
  :param expected_msg:
  :return:
  """
  try:
msg = body[body_msg]
assert msg == expected_msg
return True
 
  except:
self.log.error("Response body msg != expected_msg, expected_msg is %s, body_msg is %s" % (expected_msg, body_msg))
Consts.RESULT_LIST.append('fail')
 
raise
 
 def assert_in_text(self, body, expected_msg):
  """
  验证response body中是否包含预期字符串
  :param body:
  :param expected_msg:
  :return:
  """
  try:
text = json.dumps(body, ensure_ascii=False)
# print(text)
assert expected_msg in text
return True
 
  except:
self.log.error("Response body Does not contain expected_msg, expected_msg is %s" % expected_msg)
Consts.RESULT_LIST.append('fail')
 
raise

7、Request部分代码

 def post_request(self, url, data, header):
  """
  Post请求
  :param url:
  :param data:
  :param header:
  :return:
  """
  if not url.startswith('http://'):
url = '%s%s' % ('http://', url)
print(url)
  try:
if data is None:
 response = self.get_session.post(url=url, headers=header)
else:
 response = self.get_session.post(url=url, params=data, headers=header)
 
  except requests.RequestException as e:
print('%s%s' % ('RequestException url: ', url))
print(e)
return ()
 
  except Exception as e:
print('%s%s' % ('Exception url: ', url))
print(e)
return ()
 
  # time_consuming为响应时间，单位为毫秒
  time_consuming = response.elapsed.microseconds/1000
  # time_total为响应时间，单位为秒
  time_total = response.elapsed.total_seconds()
 
  Common.Consts.STRESS_LIST.append(time_consuming)
 
  response_dicts = dict()
  response_dicts['code'] = response.status_code
  try:
response_dicts['body'] = response.json()
  except Exception as e:
print(e)
response_dicts['body'] = ''
 
  response_dicts['text'] = response.text
  response_dicts['time_consuming'] = time_consuming
  response_dicts['time_total'] = time_total
 
  return response_dicts