使用 python 实现单人AI 扫雷游戏(地雷单元格)

AI玩扫雷

很高兴又见面了！😊

扫雷是一款单人益智游戏，相信大部分人都在以前上微机课的时候玩过。游戏的目标是借助每个区域中相邻地雷数量的线索，清除包含隐藏的“地雷”或炸弹的单元格，但不引爆其中任何一个，全部清除后即可获胜。今天我们用 Python 完成这个小程序，并且用AI来学习并实现它。

看看我们将要实现的最终样子。👇

运行扫雷

1.确保安装了Python 3.6+。
2.安装Pygame。
3.克隆这个存储库：

GitHub地址：https://github.com/wanghao221/minesweeper

设置 minesweeper.py ⚓

扫雷游戏表示

class Minesweeper():
def __init__(self, height=8, width=8, mines=8):
 
 # 设置初始宽度、高度和地雷数量 
 self.height = height
 self.width = width
 self.mines = set()
 # 初始化一个没有地雷的空字段 
 self.board = [] 
 for i in range(self.height):
  row = []  
  for j in range(self.width):
row.append(False)
  self.board.append(row)
 # 随机添加地雷 
 while len(self.mines) != mines:  
  i = random.randrange(height)
  j = random.randrange(width)  
  if not self.board[i][j]:
self.mines.add((i, j))
self.board[i][j] = True
 # 最开始，玩家没有发现地雷 
 self.mines_found = set()

输出地雷所在位置的基于文本的表示

def print(self):
for i in range(self.height):
  print("--" * self.width + "-")
  
  for j in range(self.width):

if self.board[i][j]:
 print("|X", end="")

else:
 print("| ", end="")
  print("|")
 
 print("--" * self.width + "-")

def is_mine(self, cell):
 i, j = cell
 return self.board[i][j]
def nearby_mines(self, cell):

返回给定单元格的一行和一列内的地雷数，不包括单元格本身。

def nearby_mines(self, cell):
  # 保持附近地雷的数量
  count = 0
  # 遍历一行和一列内的所有单元格
  for i in range(cell[0] - 1, cell[0] + 2):
for j in range(cell[1] - 1, cell[1] + 2):
 # 忽略单元格本身
 if (i, j) == cell:
  continue
 # 如果单元格在边界内并且是地雷，则更新计数
 if 0 <= i < self.height and 0 <= j < self.width:
  if self.board[i][j]:count += 1
  return count

检查是否已标记所有地雷。

def won(self):
  return self.mines_found == self.mines

关于扫雷游戏的逻辑语句
一个句子由一组棋盘单元和这些单元格的数量组成。

class Sentence():
 def __init__(self, cells, count):
  self.cells = set(cells)
  self.count = count
 def __eq__(self, other):
  return self.cells == other.cells and self.count == other.count
 def __str__(self):
  return f"{self.cells} = {self.count}"
 def known_mines(self):

返回 self.cells 中已知为地雷的所有单元格的集合。

def known_mines(self):	
	if len(self.cells) == self.count:
		return self.cells

返回 self.cells 中已知安全的所有单元格的集合。

def known_safes(self):
	if self.count == 0:
		return self.cells

鉴于已知单元格是地雷，更新内部知识表示。

def mark_mine(self, cell): 
	if cell in self.cells:
		self.cells.discard(cell)
		self.count -= 1

鉴于已知单元格是安全的，更新内部知识表示。

def mark_safe(self, cell):  
  if cell in self.cells:
self.cells.discard(cell)

扫雷游戏玩家

class MinesweeperAI():
 def __init__(self, height=8, width=8):
  # 设置初始高度和宽度  
  self.height = height
  self.width = width
  # 跟踪点击了哪些单元格
  self.moves_made = set()
  # 跟踪已知安全或地雷的细胞  
  self.mines = set()
  self.safes = set()
  # 关于已知为真游戏的句子列表
  self.knowledge = []

将一个单元格标记为地雷，并更新所有知识以将该单元格也标记为地雷。

def mark_mine(self, cell):
 self.mines.add(cell)
 
 for sentence in self.knowledge:
  sentence.mark_mine(cell)

将一个单元格标记为安全，并更新所有知识以将该单元格也标记为安全。

def mark_safe(self, cell):  
 self.safes.add(cell)  
  for sentence in self.knowledge:
sentence.mark_safe(cell)

用于获取所有附近的单元格

def nearby_cells(self, cell):
	cells = set()
	
	  for i in range(cell[0] - 1, cell[0] + 2):
	for j in range(cell[1] - 1, cell[1] + 2):
	
	 if (i, j) == cell:
	  continue
	
	 if 0 <= i < self.height and 0 <= j < self.width:
	  cells.add((i, j))
	
	  return cells

当扫雷板告诉我们，对于给定的安全单元，有多少相邻单元中有地雷时调用。
这个功能应该：
1）将单元格标记为已进行的移动
2）将单元格标记为安全
3）根据 cell 和 count 的值在 AI 的知识库中添加一个新句子
4）如果可以根据 AI 的知识库得出结论，则将任何其他单元格标记为安全或地雷
5) 如果可以从现有知识中推断出任何新句子，则将其添加到 AI 的知识库中

def add_knowledge(self, cell, count): 
  self.moves_made.add(cell)
  # 标记单元格安全
  if cell not in self.safes: 
self.mark_safe(cell)
  
  # 获取所有附近的单元格
  nearby = self.nearby_cells(cell) 
  nearby -= self.safes | self.moves_made  
  new_sentence = Sentence(nearby, count)
  self.knowledge.append(new_sentence)
  new_safes = set()
  new_mines = set()
  for sentence in self.knowledge:

if len(sentence.cells) == 0:
 self.knowledge.remove(sentence)  
else:
 tmp_new_safes = sentence.known_safes()
 tmp_new_mines = sentence.known_mines() 
 if type(tmp_new_safes) is set:
  new_safes |= tmp_new_safes
 
 if type(tmp_new_mines) is set:
  new_mines |= tmp_new_mines  
  for safe in new_safes:
self.mark_safe(safe)  
  for mine in new_mines:
self.mark_mine(mine)
  prev_sentence = new_sentence
  new_inferences = []
  for sentence in self.knowledge:
if len(sentence.cells) == 0:
 self.knowledge.remove(sentence)
elif prev_sentence == sentence:
 break
elif prev_sentence.cells <= sentence.cells:
 inf_cells = sentence.cells - prev_sentence.cells
 inf_count = sentence.count - prev_sentence.count
 new_inferences.append(Sentence(inf_cells, inf_count))
prev_sentence = sentence
  self.knowledge += new_inferences
 def make_safe_move(self):

返回一个安全的单元格以在扫雷板上选择。必须知道该移动是安全的，而不是已经做出的移动。
该函数可以使用 self.mines、self.safes 和 self.moves_made 中的知识，但不应修改任何这些值。

def make_safe_move(self): 
	safe_moves = self.safes.copy()
	safe_moves -= self.moves_made
	if len(safe_moves) == 0:
	return None
	return safe_moves.pop()
	def make_random_move(self):

返回在扫雷板上进行的移动。应该在以下单元格中随机选择：
1) 尚未被选中
2) 不知道是地雷

def make_random_move(self):
	if len(self.moves_made) == 56:
	 return None
	
	random_move = random.randrange(self.height), random.randrange(self.height)
	
	not_safe_moves = self.moves_made | self.mines
	
	while random_move in not_safe_moves:
	 random_move = random.randrange(self.height), random.randrange(self.height)
	
	return random_move

设置 runner.py 运行程序

颜色

BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
GRAY = (180, 180, 180)
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)

创建游戏

pygame.init()
size = width, height = 600, 400
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(size)

字体

字体可以在自己电脑中C:\Windows\Fonts的位置选择自己喜欢的复制到项目中 assets/fonts目录下即可，我用的是楷体

OPEN_SANS = "assets/fonts/simkai.ttf"
smallFont = pygame.font.Font(OPEN_SANS, 20)
mediumFont = pygame.font.Font(OPEN_SANS, 28)
largeFont = pygame.font.Font(OPEN_SANS, 40)

计算面板尺寸

BOARD_PADDING = 20
board_width = ((2 / 3) * width) - (BOARD_PADDING * 2)
board_height = height - (BOARD_PADDING * 2)
cell_size = int(min(board_width / WIDTH, board_height / HEIGHT))
board_origin = (BOARD_PADDING, BOARD_PADDING)

添加图片
这里我们只用了两张图，一个是地雷，一个是用来标记地雷的旗帜

flag = pygame.image.load("assets/images/flag.png")
flag = pygame.transform.scale(flag, (cell_size, cell_size))
mine = pygame.image.load("assets/images/mine.png")
mine = pygame.transform.scale(mine, (cell_size, cell_size))

创建游戏和 AI 代理

game = Minesweeper(height=HEIGHT, width=WIDTH, mines=MINES)
ai = MinesweeperAI(height=HEIGHT, width=WIDTH)

跟踪显示的单元格、标记的单元格以及是否被地雷击中

revealed = set()
flags = set()
lost = False

最初显示游戏说明

instructions = True
while True:
 # 检查游戏是否退出
 for event in pygame.event.get():
  if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
sys.exit()
 screen.fill(BLACK)
 # 显示游戏说明
 if instructions:
  # 标题
  title = largeFont.render("海拥 | 扫雷", True, WHITE)
  titleRect = title.get_rect()
  titleRect.center = ((width / 2), 50)
  screen.blit(title, titleRect)
  # Rules
  rules = [
"单击一个单元格以显示它",
"右键单击一个单元格以将其标记为地雷",
"成功标记所有地雷以获胜！"
  ]
  for i, rule in enumerate(rules):
line = smallFont.render(rule, True, WHITE)
lineRect = line.get_rect()
lineRect.center = ((width / 2), 150 + 30 * i)
screen.blit(line, lineRect)
  # 开始游戏按钮
  
  buttonRect = pygame.Rect((width / 4), (3 / 4) * height, width / 2, 50)
  buttonText = mediumFont.render("开始游戏", True, BLACK)
  buttonTextRect = buttonText.get_rect()
  buttonTextRect.center = buttonRect.center
  pygame.draw.rect(screen, WHITE, buttonRect)
  screen.blit(buttonText, buttonTextRect)
  # 检查是否点击播放按钮
  
  click, _, _ = pygame.mouse.get_pressed()
  if click == 1:
mouse = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
if buttonRect.collidepoint(mouse):
 instructions = False
 time.sleep(0.3)
  pygame.display.flip()
  continue

画板

cells = []
for i in range(HEIGHT):
 row = []
 for j in range(WIDTH):
  # 为单元格绘制矩形
  
  rect = pygame.Rect(
board_origin[0] + j * cell_size,
board_origin[1] + i * cell_size,
cell_size, cell_size
  )
  pygame.draw.rect(screen, GRAY, rect)
  pygame.draw.rect(screen, WHITE, rect, 3)
  # 如果需要，添加地雷、旗帜或数字
  
  if game.is_mine((i, j)) and lost:
screen.blit(mine, rect)
  elif (i, j) in flags:
screen.blit(flag, rect)
  elif (i, j) in revealed:
neighbors = smallFont.render(
 str(game.nearby_mines((i, j))),
 True, BLACK
)
neighborsTextRect = neighbors.get_rect()
neighborsTextRect.center = rect.center
screen.blit(neighbors, neighborsTextRect)
  row.append(rect)
 cells.append(row)

AI 移动按钮

aiButton = pygame.Rect(
 (2 / 3) * width + BOARD_PADDING, (1 / 3) * height - 50,
 (width / 3) - BOARD_PADDING * 2, 50
)
buttonText = mediumFont.render("AI 移动", True, BLACK)
buttonRect = buttonText.get_rect()
buttonRect.center = aiButton.center
pygame.draw.rect(screen, WHITE, aiButton)
screen.blit(buttonText, buttonRect)

重置按钮

 resetButton = pygame.Rect(
  (2 / 3) * width + BOARD_PADDING, (1 / 3) * height + 20,
  (width / 3) - BOARD_PADDING * 2, 50
 )
 buttonText = mediumFont.render("重置", True, BLACK)
 buttonRect = buttonText.get_rect()
 buttonRect.center = resetButton.center
 pygame.draw.rect(screen, WHITE, resetButton)
 screen.blit(buttonText, buttonRect)

显示文字

text = "失败" if lost else "获胜" if game.mines == flags else ""
text = mediumFont.render(text, True, WHITE)
textRect = text.get_rect()
textRect.center = ((5 / 6) * width, (2 / 3) * height)
screen.blit(text, textRect)
move = None
left, _, right = pygame.mouse.get_pressed()

检查右键单击以切换标记

if right == 1 and not lost:
 mouse = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
 
 for i in range(HEIGHT):
  
  for j in range(WIDTH):

if cells[i][j].collidepoint(mouse) and (i, j) not in revealed:
 
 if (i, j) in flags:
  flags.remove((i, j))
 
 else:
  flags.add((i, j))
 time.sleep(0.2)
elif left == 1:
 mouse = pygame.mouse.get_pos()

如果单击 AI 按钮，则进行 AI 移动

if aiButton.collidepoint(mouse) and not lost:
  move = ai.make_safe_move()
  
  if move is None:
move = ai.make_random_move()

if move is None:
 flags = ai.mines.copy()
 print("No moves left to make.")

else:
 print("No known safe moves, AI making random move.")
  
  else:
print("AI making safe move.")
  time.sleep(0.2)

重置游戏状态

elif resetButton.collidepoint(mouse):
  
  game = Minesweeper(height=HEIGHT, width=WIDTH, mines=MINES)
  ai = MinesweeperAI(height=HEIGHT, width=WIDTH)
  revealed = set()
  flags = set()
  lost = False
  continue

用户自定义动作

elif not lost:
  
  for i in range(HEIGHT):

for j in range(WIDTH):
 
 if (cells[i][j].collidepoint(mouse)and (i, j) not in flagsand (i, j) not in revealed):
  move = (i, j)

行动起来，更新AI知识

if move:
 
 if game.is_mine(move):
  lost = True
 
 else:
  nearby = game.nearby_mines(move)
  revealed.add(move)
  ai.add_knowledge(move, nearby)

pygame.display.flip()

以上就是本篇文章的全部内容

这里放了项目的完整源码：http://xiazai.jb51.net/202108/yuanma/haiyong_minesweeper_jb51.rar

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