如何使用python爬取知乎热榜Top50数据

import urllib.request,urllib.error  #请求网页
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup  # 解析数据
import sqlite3  # 导入数据库
import re # 正则表达式
import time # 获取当前时间

def main():
 # 声明爬取网页
 baseurl = "https://www.zhihu.com/hot"
 # 爬取网页
 datalist = getData(baseurl)
 #保存数据
 dbname = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d", time.localtime()) # 
 dbpath = "zhihuTop50  " + dbname
 saveData(datalist,dbpath)

#正则表达式
findlink = re.compile(r'<a class="css-hi1lih" href="(.*?)" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" ') #问题链接
findid = re.compile(r'<div class="css-blkmyu">(.*?)</div>') #问题排名
findtitle = re.compile(r'<h1 class="css-3yucnr">(.*?)</h1>') #问题标题
findintroduce = re.compile(r'<div class="css-1o6sw4j">(.*?)</div>') #简要介绍
findscore = re.compile(r'<div class="css-1iqwfle">(.*?)</div>') #热门评分
findimg = re.compile(r'<img class="css-uw6cz9" src="(.*?)"/>') #文章配图

import urllib.request,urllib.error
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import sqlite3
import re
import time
def main():
 # 声明爬取网页
 baseurl = "https://www.zhihu.com/hot"
 # 爬取网页
 datalist = getData(baseurl)
 #保存数据
 dbname = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d", time.localtime())
 dbpath = "zhihuTop50  " + dbname
 saveData(datalist,dbpath)
 print()
#正则表达式
findlink = re.compile(r'<a class="css-hi1lih" href="(.*?)" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" ') #问题链接
findid = re.compile(r'<div class="css-blkmyu">(.*?)</div>') #问题排名
findtitle = re.compile(r'<h1 class="css-3yucnr">(.*?)</h1>') #问题标题
findintroduce = re.compile(r'<div class="css-1o6sw4j">(.*?)</div>') #简要介绍
findscore = re.compile(r'<div class="css-1iqwfle">(.*?)</div>') #热门评分
findimg = re.compile(r'<img class="css-uw6cz9" src="(.*?)"/>') #文章配图
def getData(baseurl):
 datalist = []
 html = askURL(baseurl)
 # print(html)
 soup = BeautifulSoup(html,'html.parser')
 for item in soup.find_all('a',class_="css-hi1lih"):
  # print(item)
  data = []
  item = str(item)
  Id = re.findall(findid,item)
  if(len(Id) == 0):
Id = re.findall(r'<div class="css-mm8qdi">(.*?)</div>',item)[0]
  else: Id = Id[0]
  data.append(Id)
  # print(Id)
  Link = re.findall(findlink,item)[0]
  data.append(Link)
  # print(Link)
  Title = re.findall(findtitle,item)[0]
  data.append(Title)
  # print(Title)
  Introduce = re.findall(findintroduce,item)
  if(len(Introduce) == 0):
Introduce = " "
  else:Introduce = Introduce[0]
  data.append(Introduce)
  # print(Introduce)
  Score = re.findall(findscore,item)[0]
  data.append(Score)
  # print(Score)
  Img = re.findall(findimg,item)
  if (len(Img) == 0):
Img = " "
  else: Img = Img[0]
  data.append(Img)
  # print(Img)
  datalist.append(data)
 return datalist
def askURL(baseurl):
 # 设置请求头
 head = {
  # "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0;Win64;x64) AppleWebKit/537.36(KHTML, likeGecko) Chrome/80.0.3987.163Safari/537.36"
  "User-Agent": "Mozilla / 5.0(iPhone;CPUiPhoneOS13_2_3likeMacOSX) AppleWebKit / 605.1.15(KHTML, likeGecko) Version / 13.0.3Mobile / 15E148Safari / 604.1"
 }
 request = urllib.request.Request(baseurl, headers=head)
 html = ""
 try:
  response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)
  html = response.read().decode("utf-8")
  # print(html)
 except urllib.error.URLError as e:
  if hasattr(e, "code"):
print(e.code)
  if hasattr(e, "reason"):
print(e.reason)
 return html
 print()
def saveData(datalist,dbpath):
 init_db(dbpath)
 conn = sqlite3.connect(dbpath)
 cur = conn.cursor()
 for data in datalist:
  sql = '''
  insert into Top50(
  id,info_link,title,introduce,score,img)
  values("%s","%s","%s","%s","%s","%s")'''%(data[0],data[1],data[2],data[3],data[4],data[5])
  print(sql)
  cur.execute(sql)
  conn.commit()
 cur.close()
 conn.close()
def init_db(dbpath):
 sql = '''
 create table Top50
 (
 id integer primary key autoincrement,
 info_link text,
 title text,
 introduce text,
 score text,
 img text
 )
 '''
 conn = sqlite3.connect(dbpath)
 cursor = conn.cursor()
 cursor.execute(sql)
 conn.commit()
 conn.close()
if __name__ =="__main__":
 main()