Python画图小案例之小雪人超详细源码注释

class Shape:  # 基类(雪人各部件（形状）共有的属性)
 def __init__(self, cvns, points, fill):  # 构造方法  画布  位置坐标  颜色
self.cvns = cvns  # 画布
self.points = points # 坐标（x1, y1, x2, y2）
self.fill = fill
self.pid = None# 当前图形的id
 
 def delete(self):# 删除图形
if self.pid:
 self.cvns.delete(self.pid)
 
 
class ShapeAngles(Shape):  # 继承基类(增加了角度）)
 def __init__(self, cvns, points, fill, angles=(10, 170)):  # angles:角度值,带默认参数
  super(ShapeAngles, self).__init__(cvns, points, fill)# 调用基类构造: cvns,points,fill
  self.angles = {'start':angles[0], 'extent':angles[1]}  # 构造自己的属性：angles
 
 
class HatTop(Shape):# 帽子顶部
 
 def draw(self):
#  self.pid = self.cvns.create_oval(self.points, fill='white') # 椭圆形
  self.pid = self.cvns.create_oval(self.points, fill=self.fill) # 椭圆形
 
 
class HatBottom(Shape): # 帽子底部
 
 def draw(self):
  self.pid = self.cvns.create_polygon(self.points)  # 绘多边形的方法
 
 
class Hat:# 帽子整体（组合顶部和底部）
 def __init__(self, cvns, start_point, fill, w, h): # w,h是帽子的宽、高
  self.cvns = cvns# 初始化
  self.start_point = start_point
  self.w = w
  self.fill = fill
  self.h = h
  self.ht = HatTop(self.cvns, self.ht_cacu(), fill=self.fill)  # 实例化顶部
  self.hb = HatBottom(self.cvns, self.hb_cacu(), self.fill)# 实例化底部
  
 def draw(self): # 绘制
  self.ht.draw()  # 调用顶部方法绘制
  self.hb.draw()  # 调用底部方法绘制
 
 def delete(self):
 self.ht.delete()
 # self.hb.delete()
 
 def ht_cacu(self): # 计算顶部坐标
  r = self.h / 3 / 2
  x1 = self.start_point[0] + self.w / 2 - r
  y1 = self.start_point[1] + 20 - r
  x2 = x1 + 2 * r
  y2 = y1 + 2 * r
  return x1, y1, x2, y2
 
 def hb_cacu(self):  # 计算底部坐标(三角形的三个点的坐标)
  x1 = self.start_point[0] + self.w / 2
  y1 = self.start_point[1] + self.h / 3
  x2 = self.start_point[0] + self.w / 3
  y2 = self.start_point[1] + self.h + 13
  x3 = self.start_point[0] + self.w / 3 * 2
  y3 = y2
  return x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3
 
 
class Sense(ShapeAngles): # 五官(眼、口扇形图形)
 def draw(self):
  self.pid = self.cvns.create_arc(*self.points, **self.angles, fill='red') # 绘制弧线
 
class Face(HatTop):# 脸
 pass
 
 
class Head:# 头部
 def __init__(self, cvns, start_point, fill, w, h): # 此处的w,h是头的
  self.cvns = cvns
  self.start_point = start_point
  self.fill = fill
  self.w = w
  self.h = h
  eye0_points = self.eye0_cacu()  # 眼睛1坐标
  dx = self.h / 3 + self.h / 9
  eye1_points = (eye0_points[0] + dx, eye0_points[1], # 眼睛2坐标
  eye0_points[2] + dx, eye0_points[3])
  self.face = Face(self.cvns, self.face_cacu(), self.fill) # 脸：带参数的实例
  self.eye0 = Sense(self.cvns, eye0_points, fill='blue')  # 眼1：带参数的实例
  self.eye1 = Sense(self.cvns, eye1_points, self.fill)  # 眼2：带参数的实例
  self.mouth = Sense(self.cvns, self.mouth_cacu(), (-10, -170))  # 口：带参数的实例
 
 def draw(self):
  # 绘制脸部各部位
  self.face.draw()
  self.eye0.draw()
  self.eye1.draw()
  self.mouth.draw()
 
 def face_cacu(self): # 脸坐标计算
  x1 = self.start_point[0] + (self.w - self.h) / 2
  y1 = self.start_point[1]
  x2 = x1 + self.h
  y2 = y1 + self.h
  return x1, y1, x2, y2
 
 def eye0_cacu(self):  # 眼0坐标计算
  left_point = (self.start_point[0] + (self.w - self.h) / 2 - 5, self.start_point[1])
  x1 = left_point[0] + self.h / 6
  y1 = left_point[1] + self.h / 3
  x2 = x1 + self.h / 3
  y2 = left_point[1] + self.h / 2
  return x1, y1, x2, y2
 
 def mouth_cacu(self):# 口坐标计算
  left_point = (self.start_point[0] + (self.w - self.h) / 2, self.start_point[1])
  x1 = left_point[0] + self.h / 3
  y1 = left_point[1] + 2 * self.h / 3 + 25# +25后口的位置靠下，并且图形更大了
  x2 = x1 + self.h / 3
  y2 = left_point[1] + self.h / 2
  return x1, y1, x2, y2
 
 
class hand(HatTop):# 手
 pass
 
 
class BodyOutline(HatTop):# 身体轮廓，因没有特别的形状，继承了基类，类体为空
 pass
 
 
class Button(HatTop):# 钮扣
 pass
 
class Body: # 身体
 
 def __init__(self, cvns, start_point, fill, w, h):
  self.cvns = cvns
  self.start_point = start_point
  self.w = w
  self.h = h
  self.fill = fill
  self._button_size = 10  # 钮扣的大小
  self.buttons = []
  self.bo = BodyOutline(self.cvns, self.body_cacu(), self.fill)# 身体轮廓实例
#  self.hd = hand(self.cvns, (15, 500, 45, 240), self.fill)  # 左手轮廓实例,坐标为矩形的两个对角顶点的坐标为准画的圆/椭圆
  self.hd = hand(self.cvns, self.bd_cacu(0), self.fill)  # 左手轮廓实例,坐标为矩形的两个对角顶点的坐标为准画的圆/椭圆
  self.hd2 = hand(self.cvns, self.bd_cacu(self.w), self.fill)  # 右手
  for pnts in self.all_button_points():
self.buttons.append(Button(self.cvns, pnts, self.fill))
 
 def bd_cacu(self, w):  # 计算手的坐标
  x1 = 15 + w
  y1 = self.start_point[1] + self.h / 2
  x2 = x1 + 30
  y2 = y1 - 26 * self._button_size
  return x1, y1, x2, y2
 
 def draw(self):
  self.bo.draw() # 身体绘制
  self.hd.draw() # 手1绘制
  self.hd2.draw()# 手2绘制
  for bttn in self.buttons: # 各钮扣绘制
bttn.draw()
 
 def body_cacu(self):  # 计算身体轮廓坐标
  x1, y1 = self.start_point
  x2 = x1 + self.w
  y2 = y1 + self.h
  return x1, y1, x2, y2
 
 def button0_cacu(self):  # 计算第0个钮扣的坐标
  x1 = self.start_point[0] + self.w / 2 - self._button_size
  y1 = self.start_point[1] + self.h / 5 - self._button_size
  x2 = x1 + 2 * self._button_size# 2决定钮扣的园形形状
  y2 = y1 + 2 * self._button_size
  return x1, y1, x2, y2
 
 def move_dy(self, points, size):# 钮扣移动的方法
  y1 = points[1] + size
  y2 = points[3] + size
  return points[0], y1, points[2], y2
 
 def all_button_points(self): # 绘制每个钮扣的坐标
  b0_points = self.button0_cacu()
  size = self.h / 6 # 身高/钮扣数+1
  points = [] # 列表
  for i in range(5):  # 钮扣的个数
points.append(self.move_dy(b0_points, i * size))# 各钮扣的移动数据存入列表points
  return points # 返回列表值
 
 # def set_button_size(self, size):
 #  self._button_size = size
 
 
class Snow:  # 组装成雪人
 
 def __init__(self, cvns, points, fill, w=150, h=450): # points为雪人的坐标其与帽子坐标一致（见雪人图）
  self.cvns = cvns
  self.points = points
  self.w = w
  self.h = h
  self.fill = fill
  self.head = Head(self.cvns, (self.points[0], self.points[1] + self.h / 6), self.fill, self.w, self.h / 3)# 实例化头部
  self.body = Body(self.cvns, (self.points[0], self.points[1] + self.h / 2), self.fill, self.w, self.h / 2)# 实例化身体
  self.fill = 'red' # 帽子顶部颜色
  self.hat = Hat(self.cvns, self.points, self.fill, self.w, self.h / 6)  # 绘帽子 # 实例化帽子
 
 def draw(self):
  self.hat.draw()# 绘制帽子
  self.head.draw()  # 绘制头
  self.body.draw()  # 绘制身体
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
 import tkinter
 root = tkinter.Tk()# 建立根窗口
 cvns = tkinter.Canvas(root, width=400, height=700, bg='white')# 调用画布
 cvns.pack()  # 将画布添加到窗口
 snow = Snow(cvns, (30, 15), 'white', 320, 660)# 雪人的实例化（传入画布对象、起始坐标、宽、高）
 snow = snow.draw() # 绘制
 root.mainloop()