Python django导出excel详解(导出内容)

一、基础环境

web架构：前后端分离，前端使用vue，后端使用django 的rest framework

django版本3.2

django-excel 版本0.0.10

djangorestframework版本3.12.4

二、需求

界面导出excel数据内容

导入model包含外键类型

三、功能实现

1.不使用序列化类：需要手动实现外键对象转换为外键值

2.使用序化类：

四、源码

#models.py
from django.db import models
from django.utils import timezone
class MyITtype(models.Model):
 name = models.CharField(verbose_name="名称", max_length=128, unique=True)
 ittype = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="类型")
 comment = models.TextField(verbose_name="备注", blank=True, default="")
 def __str__(self):
  return self.name
 class Meta:
  db_table = "MyITtype"
  verbose_name = "it资产类型"
class MyAsset(models.Model):
 ittype = models.ForeignKey(MyITtype, on_delete=models.SET_NULL, verbose_name="产品类型", null=True)
 code = models.CharField(verbose_name="资产编码", max_length=128, unique=True)
 buytime = models.DateField(verbose_name="入仓时间", default=timezone.now)
 usetime = models.DateField(verbose_name="分配时间", default=timezone.now)
 comment = models.TextField(verbose_name="规格说明", blank=True, default="")
 user = models.CharField(verbose_name="使用人", max_length=128, blank=True, default="")
 status = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="状态")
 def __str__(self):
  return self.code
 class Meta:
  db_table = "opGTITAsset"
  verbose_name = "it固产"

一、序化类实现

#asset-export.py
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.serializers import ModelSerializer
from .models import MyAsset
import django_excel as excel
class ITAssetSer(ModelSerializer):
 class Meta:
  model = MyAsset
  fields = '__all__'
class ITAssetExport(APIView):
 """"""
 use_model = MyAsset
 queryset = use_model.objects.all()
 serializer_class = ITAssetSer
 def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
  try:
data = request.data
id_list = data.get("data")
obj_list = self.queryset.all()
# 如果有值，表示导出部分，否则导出全部
if id_list:
 obj_list = obj_list.filter(id__in=id_list)
ser = self.serializer_class(instance=obj_list, many=True)
return MakeExcel(obj_list=ser.data, class_name=self.use_model, filename="itasset")
  except:
ret = {
 "code": 599,
 "message": "导出数据出错"
}
return Response(ret)
 def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
  self.http_method_not_allowed(request, *args, **kwargs)
def MakeExcel(obj_list, class_name, filename):
 """
 制作excel表
 :param ser_list: 内容列表
 :param class_name: 类名
 :param filename: 文件名
 :return:
 """
 meta_fields = class_name._meta.fields
 name_list = [field.name for field in meta_fields]
 header_list = [field.verbose_name for field in meta_fields]
 wdata = [header_list]
 for obj in obj_list:
  data = [obj[name] for name in name_list]
  wdata.append(data)
 sheet = excel.pe.Sheet(wdata)
 response = excel.make_response(pyexcel_instance=sheet, file_name=filename, file_type="xlsx")
 return response

二、手动转换外键实现

#asset-export.py
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.objializers import ModelSerializer
from .models import MyAsset
import django_excel as excel
class ITAssetSer(ModelSerializer):
 class Meta:
  model = MyAsset
  fields = '__all__'
class ITAssetExport(APIView):
 """"""
 use_model = MyAsset
 queryset = use_model.objects.all()
 objializer_class = ITAssetSer
 def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
  try:
obj_list = self.use_model.objects.all()
return MakeExcel(obj_list=obj_list, class_name=self.use_model, filename="itasset")
  except:
ret = {
 "code": 599,
 "message": "导出数据出错"
}
return Response(ret)
 def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
  self.http_method_not_allowed(request, *args, **kwargs)
def MakeExcel(obj_list, class_name, filename):
 """
 制作excel表
 :param obj_list: 内容列表
 :param class_name: 类名
 :param filename: 文件名
 :return:
 """
 meta_fields = class_name._meta.fields
 name_list = [field.name for field in meta_fields]
 header_list = [field.verbose_name for field in meta_fields]
 wdata = [header_list]
 for obj in obj_list:
  data = []
  for name in name_list:
value = eval("obj." + name)  # 等价于getattr(obj,name)，即获取该对象某个字段内容
if isinstance(value, Model):
 value = eval("".join(["obj." + name + "_id"]))  # 等价于obj.name_id，即获取该对象中外键对象数值
data.append(value)
# 参考例子
# data = [getattr(obj, name) if name != "ittype" else obj.ittype_id for name in name_list]
  wdata.append(data)
 sheet = excel.pe.Sheet(wdata)
 response = excel.make_response(pyexcel_instance=sheet, file_name=filename, file_type="xlsx")
 return response