Python 详解通过Scrapy框架实现爬取百度新冠疫情数据流程

scrapy startproject yqsj

# Define here the models for your scraped items
#
# See documentation in:
# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html
 
import scrapy
 
 
class YqsjProvinceItem(scrapy.Item):
 # define the fields for your item here like:
 # name = scrapy.Field()
 location = scrapy.Field()
 new = scrapy.Field()
 exist = scrapy.Field()
 total = scrapy.Field()
 cure = scrapy.Field()
 dead = scrapy.Field()
 
 
class YqsjChinaItem(scrapy.Item):
 # define the fields for your item here like:
 # name = scrapy.Field()
 # 现有确诊
 exist_diagnosis = scrapy.Field()
 # 无症状
 asymptomatic = scrapy.Field()
 # 现有疑似
 exist_suspecte = scrapy.Field()
 # 现有重症
 exist_severe = scrapy.Field()
 # 累计确诊
 cumulative_diagnosis = scrapy.Field()
 # 境外输入
 overseas_input = scrapy.Field()
 # 累计治愈
 cumulative_cure = scrapy.Field()
 # 累计死亡
 cumulative_dead = scrapy.Field()

# Define here the models for your spider middleware
#
# See documentation in:
# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
 
from scrapy import signals
 
# useful for handling different item types with a single interface
from itemadapter import is_item, ItemAdapter
from scrapy.http import HtmlResponse
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
import time
 
 
class YqsjSpiderMiddleware:
 # Not all methods need to be defined. If a method is not defined,
 # scrapy acts as if the spider middleware does not modify the
 # passed objects.
 
 @classmethod
 def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
  # This method is used by Scrapy to create your spiders.
  s = cls()
  crawler.signals.connect(s.spider_opened, signal=signals.spider_opened)
  return s
 
 def process_spider_input(self, response, spider):
  # Called for each response that goes through the spider
  # middleware and into the spider.
 
  # Should return None or raise an exception.
  return None
 
 def process_spider_output(self, response, result, spider):
  # Called with the results returned from the Spider, after
  # it has processed the response.
 
  # Must return an iterable of Request, or item objects.
  for i in result:
yield i
 
 def process_spider_exception(self, response, exception, spider):
  # Called when a spider or process_spider_input() method
  # (from other spider middleware) raises an exception.
 
  # Should return either None or an iterable of Request or item objects.
  pass
 
 def process_start_requests(self, start_requests, spider):
  # Called with the start requests of the spider, and works
  # similarly to the process_spider_output() method, except
  # that it doesn't have a response associated.
 
  # Must return only requests (not items).
  for r in start_requests:
yield r
 
 def spider_opened(self, spider):
  spider.logger.info('Spider opened: %s' % spider.name)
 
 
class YqsjDownloaderMiddleware:
 # Not all methods need to be defined. If a method is not defined,
 # scrapy acts as if the downloader middleware does not modify the
 # passed objects.
 
 @classmethod
 def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
  # This method is used by Scrapy to create your spiders.
  s = cls()
  crawler.signals.connect(s.spider_opened, signal=signals.spider_opened)
  return s
 
 def process_request(self, request, spider):
  # Called for each request that goes through the downloader
  # middleware.
 
  # Must either:
  # - return None: continue processing this request
  # - or return a Response object
  # - or return a Request object
  # - or raise IgnoreRequest: process_exception() methods of
  #installed downloader middleware will be called
  # return None
  try:
spider.browser.get(request.url)
spider.browser.maximize_window()
time.sleep(2)
spider.browser.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@id='nationTable']/div/span").click()
# ActionChains(spider.browser).click(searchButtonElement)
time.sleep(5)
return HtmlResponse(url=spider.browser.current_url, body=spider.browser.page_source,
 encoding="utf-8", request=request)
  except TimeoutException as e:
print('超时异常:{}'.format(e))
spider.browser.execute_script('window.stop()')
  finally:
spider.browser.close()
 
 def process_response(self, request, response, spider):
  # Called with the response returned from the downloader.
 
  # Must either;
  # - return a Response object
  # - return a Request object
  # - or raise IgnoreRequest
  return response
 
 def process_exception(self, request, exception, spider):
  # Called when a download handler or a process_request()
  # (from other downloader middleware) raises an exception.
 
  # Must either:
  # - return None: continue processing this exception
  # - return a Response object: stops process_exception() chain
  # - return a Request object: stops process_exception() chain
  pass
 
 def spider_opened(self, spider):
  spider.logger.info('Spider opened: %s' % spider.name)

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Time : 2021/11/7 22:05
# @Author  : 至尊宝
# @Site : 
# @File : baidu_yq.py
 
import scrapy
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
 
from yqsj.items import YqsjChinaItem, YqsjProvinceItem
 
 
class YqsjSpider(scrapy.Spider):
 name = 'yqsj'
 # allowed_domains = ['blog.csdn.net']
 start_urls = ['https://voice.baidu.com/act/newpneumonia/newpneumonia#tab0']
 china_xpath = "//div[contains(@class, 'VirusSummarySix_1-1-317_2ZJJBJ')]/text()"
 province_xpath = "//*[@id='nationTable']/table/tbody/tr[{}]/td/text()"
 province_xpath_1 = "//*[@id='nationTable']/table/tbody/tr[{}]/td/div/span/text()"
 
 def __init__(self):
  chrome_options = Options()
  chrome_options.add_argument('--headless')  # 使用无头谷歌浏览器模式
  chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-gpu')
  chrome_options.add_argument('--no-sandbox')
  self.browser = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=chrome_options,
executable_path="E:\\chromedriver_win32\\chromedriver.exe")
  self.browser.set_page_load_timeout(30)
 
 def parse(self, response, **kwargs):
  country_info = response.xpath(self.china_xpath)
  yq_china = YqsjChinaItem()
  yq_china['exist_diagnosis'] = country_info[0].get()
  yq_china['asymptomatic'] = country_info[1].get()
  yq_china['exist_suspecte'] = country_info[2].get()
  yq_china['exist_severe'] = country_info[3].get()
  yq_china['cumulative_diagnosis'] = country_info[4].get()
  yq_china['overseas_input'] = country_info[5].get()
  yq_china['cumulative_cure'] = country_info[6].get()
  yq_china['cumulative_dead'] = country_info[7].get()
  yield yq_china
  
  # 遍历35个地区
  for x in range(1, 35):
path = self.province_xpath.format(x)
path1 = self.province_xpath_1.format(x)
province_info = response.xpath(path)
province_name = response.xpath(path1)
yq_province = YqsjProvinceItem()
yq_province['location'] = province_name.get()
yq_province['new'] = province_info[0].get()
yq_province['exist'] = province_info[1].get()
yq_province['total'] = province_info[2].get()
yq_province['cure'] = province_info[3].get()
yq_province['dead'] = province_info[4].get()
yield yq_province

# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
 
 
# useful for handling different item types with a single interface
from itemadapter import ItemAdapter
 
from yqsj.items import YqsjChinaItem, YqsjProvinceItem
 
 
class YqsjPipeline:
 def __init__(self):
  self.file = open('result.txt', 'w', encoding='utf-8')
 
 def process_item(self, item, spider):
  if isinstance(item, YqsjChinaItem):
self.file.write(
 "国内疫情\n现有确诊\t{}\n无症状\t{}\n现有疑似\t{}\n现有重症\t{}\n累计确诊\t{}\n境外输入\t{}\n累计治愈\t{}\n累计死亡\t{}\n".format(
  item['exist_diagnosis'],
  item['asymptomatic'],
  item['exist_suspecte'],
  item['exist_severe'],
  item['cumulative_diagnosis'],
  item['overseas_input'],
  item['cumulative_cure'],
  item['cumulative_dead']))
  if isinstance(item, YqsjProvinceItem):
self.file.write(
 "省份:{}\t新增:{}\t现有:{}\t累计:{}\t治愈:{}\t死亡:{}\n".format(
  item['location'],
  item['new'],
  item['exist'],
  item['total'],
  item['cure'],
  item['dead']))
  return item
 
 def close_spider(self, spider):
  self.file.close()

# Scrapy settings for yqsj project
#
# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
#
#  https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
#  https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#  https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
 
BOT_NAME = 'yqsj'
 
SPIDER_MODULES = ['yqsj.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'yqsj.spiders'
 
 
# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
#USER_AGENT = 'yqsj (+http://www.yourdomain.com)'
USER_AGENT = 'Mozilla/5.0'
 
# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False
 
# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32
 
# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
#DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16
 
# Disable cookies (enabled by default)
COOKIES_ENABLED = False
 
# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False
 
# Override the default request headers:
DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
 'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
 'Accept-Language': 'en',
 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/27.0.1453.94 Safari/537.36'
}
 
# Enable or disable spider middlewares
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
'yqsj.middlewares.YqsjSpiderMiddleware': 543,
}
 
# Enable or disable downloader middlewares
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
'yqsj.middlewares.YqsjDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
}
 
# Enable or disable extensions
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
#EXTENSIONS = {
# 'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,
#}
 
# Configure item pipelines
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
'yqsj.pipelines.YqsjPipeline': 300,
}
 
# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
# The initial download delay
#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
# each remote server
#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False
 
# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
#HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'
#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'