Python 操作SQLite数据库详情(数据库操作)

SQLite属于轻型数据库，遵守ACID的关系型数据库管理系统，它包含在一个相对小的C库中。在很多嵌入式产品中使用了它，它占用资源非常的低，python 中默认继承了操作此款数据库的引擎 sqlite3 说是引擎不如说就是数据库的封装版，开发自用小程序的使用使用它真的大赞

一、简单操作SQLite数据库

简单操作SQLite数据库:创建 sqlite数据库是一个轻量级的数据库服务器,该模块默认集成在python中,开发小应用很不错.

import sqlite3
# 数据表的创建
conn = sqlite3.connect("data.db")
cursor = conn.cursor()
create = "create table persion(" \
"id int auto_increment primary key," \
"name char(20) not null," \
"age int not null," \
"msg text default null" \
")"
cursor.execute(create)  # 执行创建表操作

1、简单的插入语句的使用

insert = "insert into persion(id,name,age,msg) values(1,'lyshark',1,'hello lyshark');"
cursor.execute(insert)
insert = "insert into persion(id,name,age,msg) values(2,'guest',2,'hello guest');"
cursor.execute(insert)
insert = "insert into persion(id,name,age,msg) values(3,'admin',3,'hello admin');"
cursor.execute(insert)
insert = "insert into persion(id,name,age,msg) values(4,'wang',4,'hello wang');"
cursor.execute(insert)
insert = "insert into persion(id,name,age,msg) values(5,'sqlite',5,'hello sql');"
cursor.execute(insert)
data = [(6, '王舞',8, 'python'), (7, '曲奇',8,'python'), (9, 'C语言',9,'python')]
insert = "insert into persion(id,name,age,msg) values(?,?,?,?);"
cursor.executemany(insert,data)

2、简单的查询语句的使用

select = "select * from persion;"
cursor.execute(select)
#print(cursor.fetchall())# 取出所有的数据
select = "select * from persion where name='lyshark';"
cursor.execute(select)
print(cursor.fetchall())# 取出所有的数据
select = "select * from persion where id >=1 and id <=2;"
list = cursor.execute(select)
for i in list.fetchall():
 print("字段1：", i[0])
 print("字段2：", i[1])

二、更新数据与删除

update = "update persion set name='苍老师' where id=1;"
cursor.execute(update)
update = "update persion set name='苍老师' where id>=1 and id<=3;"
cursor.execute(update)
delete = "delete from persion where id=3;"
cursor.execute(delete)
select = "select * from persion;"
cursor.execute(select)
print(cursor.fetchall())# 取出所有的数据
conn.commit() # 事务提交，每执行一次数据库更改的操作，就执行提交
cursor.close()
conn.close()

三、实现用户名密码验证

当用户输入错误密码后,自动锁定该用户1分钟.

import sqlite3
import re,time
conn = sqlite3.connect("data.db")
cursor = conn.cursor()
"""create = "create table login(" \
"username text not null," \
"password text not null," \
"time int default 0" \
 ")"
cursor.execute(create)
cursor.execute("insert into login(username,password) values('admin','123123');")
cursor.execute("insert into login(username,password) values('guest','123123');")
cursor.execute("insert into login(username,password) values('lyshark','1231');")
conn.commit()"""
while True:
 username = input("username:")  # 这个地方应该严谨验证,尽量不要让用户拼接SQL语句
 password = input("passwor:")# 此处为了方便不做任何验证(注意:永远不要相信用户的输入)
 sql = "select * from login where username='{}'".format(username)
 ret = cursor.execute(sql).fetchall()
 if len(ret) != 0:
  now_time = int(time.time())
  if ret[0][3] <= now_time:
print("当前用户{}没有被限制,允许登录...".format(username))
if ret[0][0] == username:
 if ret[0][1] == password:
  print("用户 {} 登录成功...".format(username))
 else:
  print("用户 {} 密码输入有误..".format(username))
  times = int(time.time()) + 60
  cursor.execute("update login set time={} where username='{}'".format(times,username))
  conn.commit()
else:
 print("用户名正确,但是密码错误了...")
  else:
print("账户 {} 还在限制登陆阶段,请等待1分钟...".format(username))
 else:
  print("用户名输入错误")

四、SQLite检索时间记录

通过编写的TimeIndex函数检索一个指定范围时间戳中的数据.

import os,time,datetime
import sqlite3
"""
conn = sqlite3.connect("data.db")
cursor = conn.cursor()
create = "create table lyshark(" \
"time int primary key," \
"cpu int not null" \
")"
cursor.execute(create)
# 批量生成一堆数据,用于后期的测试.
for i in range(1,500):
 times = int(time.time())
 insert = "insert into lyshark(time,cpu) values({},{})".format(times,i)
 cursor.execute(insert)
 conn.commit()
 time.sleep(1)"""
# db = data.db 传入数据库名称
# table = 指定表lyshark名称
# start = 2019-12-12 14:28:00
# ends  = 2019-12-12 14:29:20
def TimeIndex(db,table,start,ends):
 start_time = int(time.mktime(time.strptime(start,"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")))
 end_time = int(time.mktime(time.strptime(ends,"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")))
 conn = sqlite3.connect(db)
 cursor = conn.cursor()
 select = "select * from {} where time >= {} and time <= {}".format(table,start_time,end_time)
 return cursor.execute(select).fetchall()
if __name__ == "__main__":
 temp = TimeIndex("data.db","lyshark","2019-12-12 14:28:00","2019-12-12 14:29:00")
 print(temp)

五、SQLite提取数据并绘图

通过使用matplotlib这个库函数,并提取出指定时间的数据记录,然后直接绘制曲线图.

import os,time,datetime
import sqlite3
import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
def TimeIndex(db,table,start,ends):
 start_time = int(time.mktime(time.strptime(start,"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")))
 end_time = int(time.mktime(time.strptime(ends,"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")))
 conn = sqlite3.connect(db)
 cursor = conn.cursor()
 select = "select * from {} where time >= {} and time <= {}".format(table,start_time,end_time)
 return cursor.execute(select).fetchall()
def Display():
 temp = TimeIndex("data.db","lyshark","2019-12-12 14:28:00","2019-12-12 14:29:00")
 list = []
 for i in range(0,len(temp)):
  list.append(temp[i][1])
 plt.title("CPU Count")
 plt.plot(list, list)
 plt.show()
 
if __name__ == "__main__":
 Display()

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